Abstract
This study investigates the use of industrial wastes like Fly Ash (FA), Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS), and Quartz Powder (QP) as alternatives to cement, and Copper Slag (CS) as fine aggregate in Geopolymer blocks (GPB). The mix ratio of 1:3 one part of the binder and 3 parts of copper slag, 8M, and 10M of NaOH, and Na2SiO3 solutions are used as Alkaline Activator Solution (AAS). Two types of Geopolymer blocks GPB1 (Mortar Blocks) and GPB2 (Aerated Geopolymer Blocks) are produced. The binders of FA, GGBS, QP, and fine aggregate of CS are tested to find fineness, specific gravity, and absorption capacity. A suitable percentage of binders and CS are added together and dry-mixed in a mortar mixing machine for each mix separately. The fresh mix of GPB1 and GPB2 is placed in the moulds, compacted and placed in an oven at 60°C-70°C for 24 hours. The compressive strength of GPB1 and GPB2 mixes are found performing compression testing, the maximum compressive strength of 82.50 MPa is achieved when 100% of GGBS in mortar and 10.54MPa is achieved when 70% of FA and 30% of QP is used. Aerated Geopolymer block GPB2 M1 shows a better compressive strength of 12.66 MPa in oven curing after 24 hours, and 10.95MPa after ambient curing for 7 days. The increase in GGBS in GPB1 Mortar1 increases the compressive strength, and the increase in QP in GPB1 Mortar2 increases the compressive strength but it is very low as compared to GPB1 Mortar1.
References
Ducman,V., Korat, L. (2016). Characterization of geopolymer fly-ash based foams obtained with the addition of Al powder or H2O2 as a foaming agent. Materials Characterization. Volume 113, 207-213.
Elyamany, H. E., Abd Elmoaty, A. E. M., & Elshaboury, A. M. (2018). Setting time and 7-day strength of geopolymer mortar with various binders. Construction and Building Materials. 187, 974–983. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08
Guru Jawahar, J. and Mounika, G. (2016). Strength Properties of Fly Ash and GGBS based Geopolymer Concrete. Asian Journal of Civil Engineering (BHRC), Vol. 17, No. 1, 127-135.
IS 383:2016 Indian Standard Specification for Coarse and Fine Aggregates from Natural Sources for Concrete.
IS 6441 (Part V):1972 Determination of Compressive Strength.
Islam, A., Alengaram, U. J., Jumaat, M. Z., & Bashar, I. I. (2014). The development of compressive strength of ground granulated blast furnace slag-palm oil fuel ash-fly ash based Geopolymer mortar. Materials & Design (1980-2015), 56, 833–841.
doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2013.11.080
Jeeva Chithambaram,S., Sanjay, K. & Prasad, M.M. (2019). Thermo Mechanical Characteristics of Geopolymer Mortar. Journal of Construction and Building Materials, Volume 213, 100-108.
Davidovits, J. (1981). The Need to Create a New Technical Language for the Transfer of Basic Scientific Information, in Transfer and Exploitation of Scientific and Technical Information. Proceedings of the Symposium, Luxemburg, 316-320.
Mahendran, K. & Arunachelam, N. (2015). Study on Utilization of Copper Slag as Fine Aggregate in Geopolymer Concrete. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, ISSN 0973-4562 Vol. 10, No.53, 336-340.
Mahendran, K. & Arunachelam, N. (2016). Performance of Fly Ash and Copper Slag based Geopolymer Concrete. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9(2), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i2/86359, 1-6.
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Zarina Yahya, Muhammad Faheem Mohd Tahir, Kamarudin Hussin, Mohammed Binhussai, Andrei Victor Sandum. (2014). Fly ash based lightweight geopolymer concrete using foaming agent technology. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 679, 20-24.
Muthu Kumar, E. & Ramamurthy, K. (2017). Influence of production on the strength, density and water absorption of aerated geopolymer paste and mortar using Class F fly ash. Construction and Building Materials 156, 1137–1149.
Prashant, M. Dhamanage., Ruturaj, S. Salunkhe., Sagar, S. Patil. (2016). Light-weight geopolymer concrete- A review. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (E-ISSN: 2321-9637) Special Issue National Conference “VishwaCon'16”, 49-51.
Pratik, B. Shinde., Swapnil, A. Suryavanshi., Amit, D. Chougule. (2016). A characteristic study of lightweight Geopolymer concrete. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Volume 03, Issue 2, 1555-1558.
Rajamane, N. P.& Jayalakshmi, R. (2014). Quantities of sodium hydroxide solids and water to prepare sodium hydroxide solution of given molarity for geopolymer concrete mixes, ICI Update, 4-9.
Rohit, Zende. & Mamatha. (2015). A Study on Fly Ash and GGBS Based Geopolymer Concrete under Ambient Curing. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) (ISSN-2349-5162), Volume 2, Issue 7, 3082-3087.
Sanjayan, J. G., Nazari, A., Chen, L., & Nguyen, G. H. (2015). Physical and mechanical properties of lightweight aerated Geopolymer. Construction and Building Materials, 79, 236–244.
Vijai, K. KumuthaRathinam R. &Vishnuram, B. G. (2010). Effect of types of curing on strength of geopolymer concrete. International Journal of Physical Sciences 5 (9), 1419-1423.
Wongkeo, Watcharapong., Seekaew, Saravadee., Kaewrahan, Orawan. (2019). Properties of high calcium fly ash geopolymer lightweight concrete. Materials Today : Proceedings, Volume 17, Part 4, 1423-1430.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 Array