Journal of Engineering & Technological Advances

FEASIBILITY OF RECYCLING SILICOMANGANESE SLAG AS A CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL

Jin Jie Ting — 2023-06-30

The rapid urbanization and industrialization of a country tends to generate large volume of industrial waste in the environment. In this sustainability era, feasibility of recycling industrial waste has gained attention by researchers and industry practitioners. Silicomanganese (SiMn) slag is a common industrial waste produced in the ferro-alloy smelting plant in Sarawak. This paper intends to present a review on the feasibility of recycling SiMn slag into a more sustainable construction material. A desktop study has been conducted to explore the feasibility of SiMn slag on its engineering aspects. Review indicated that SiMn slag is potential to be recycled as an alternative cementitious material. By replacing cement with SiMn slag, it will not only bring the positive impact on the economical aspect but also environmental aspect. This suggestion is critical in responding the call of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of being responsible on the products consumption and production through promoting sustainable use of generated industrial wastes.

AN OVERVIEW OF THE INFLUENCE AND APPLICATIONS OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Yazan Alzubi — 2023-06-30

The construction sector relies heavily on data, and the successful completion of its projects depends on adequate access to and automated management of the data. Therefore, it is crucial to manage information resources effectively in the building's field since it affects people's productivity, the completion of projects on time, and the cost-effective completion of projects. Although each step of the lifecycle has its data and is maintained separately, most data are typically shared throughout the project's phases to aid decision-making. In the past few years, information technology played a significant role in contemporary culture. As a result, many initiatives have been embarked on to pay extreme attention to creating efficient tools to handle a broad spectrum of responsibilities throughout the construction phase. Regardless, there are still multiple challenges to overcome before information technology concepts can be efficient within the project management framework for construction. In order to identify obstacles and prevent their use to highlight their effects on project stakeholders, this paper reviews the literature on information technology applications in the construction sector. It focuses on how these applications can improve visualization, data exchange, and productivity while increasing safety and sustainability.

A STUDY OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM USING ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER

Imam Rahmadi — 2023-06-30

This paper presents the use of an open source-based technology, Arduino microcontroller, which is used for free vibration test by using accelerometer ADXL345 comparing with one of common accelerometer and data-logger. The test was carried out in 3 variations: pre-loading, elastic damage (L/240), and inelastic damage (L/120). This research used reinforced concrete beam as specimens with 3000 mm length, 150 mm width, and 250 mm depth. Specimen was installed by 2 monitoring system, Arduino equipped with accelerometer ADXL345 and commercial data-logger NI equipped with commercial accelerometer KISTLER. The results show that relative error between ADXL345 to KISTLER is less than 5% for mode shape 1, 2, and 3 except in case inelastic damage for mode shape 3 is almost 10%.

STRESS BEHAVIOUR OF 3D PRINTED PLATE WITH HOLE

Abdul Malik Hussein bin Abdul Jalil — 2023-06-30

This study calculates the stress concentration factor of flat and curved PLA plate structures and studies the stress features surrounding holes of the plate structure. It is essential to understand the stress behaviour of 3D-printed PLA plates around the hole. Flat and curved plates with holes of 40 mm, 20 mm, and 10 mm in diameter were investigated. With a 2.5 N/mm² applied load to the plate, such models were put through finite element analysis and simulations using ANSYS to investigate the maximum stress in the longitudinal direction. The result was then compared to the theoretical result. The results show that for the curve radius of 100 mm, decreasing the hole diameter of 0.04, 0.02 and 0.01 m increases the stress concentration factor of 2.18, 2.41 and 2.68 respectively. The stress versus diameter graph for elements with dimensions of 5 mm, 4 mm, and 2 mm compares the maximum stress between analysis methods and finite element analysis. The results show that for the curve radius of 100 mm hole diameter of 40, 20 and 10 mm with element size of 2 mm, will produce the decreasing maximum stress of 10.7063, 8.0046 and 7.5529 MPa. The Stress Concentration Factor (K_t) vs. Plate Diameter graph indicates that the stress concentration factor increases with decreasing diameter. The maximum stress is demonstrated to be decreasing as the hole gets smaller.

STUDY OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF BLENDED FLY ASH WITH GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG AND QUARTZ POWDER BASED GEOPOLYMER MORTAR AND BLOCKS

Balamurali R T — 2023-06-30

This study investigates the use of industrial wastes like Fly Ash (FA), Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS), and Quartz Powder (QP) as alternatives to cement, and Copper Slag (CS) as fine aggregate in Geopolymer blocks (GPB). The mix ratio of 1:3 one part of the binder and 3 parts of copper slag, 8M, and 10M of NaOH, and Na₂SiO₃ solutions are used as Alkaline Activator Solution (AAS). Two types of Geopolymer blocks GPB1 (Mortar Blocks) and GPB2 (Aerated Geopolymer Blocks) are produced. The binders of FA, GGBS, QP, and fine aggregate of CS are tested to find fineness, specific gravity, and absorption capacity. A suitable percentage of binders and CS are added together and dry-mixed in a mortar mixing machine for each mix separately. The fresh mix of GPB1 and GPB2 is placed in the moulds, compacted and placed in an oven at 60°C-70°C for 24 hours. The compressive strength of GPB1 and GPB2 mixes are found performing compression testing, the maximum compressive strength of 82.50 MPa is achieved when 100% of GGBS in mortar and 10.54MPa is achieved when 70% of FA and 30% of QP is used. Aerated Geopolymer block GPB2 M1 shows a better compressive strength of 12.66 MPa in oven curing after 24 hours, and 10.95MPa after ambient curing for 7 days. The increase in GGBS in GPB1 Mortar1 increases the compressive strength, and the increase in QP in GPB1 Mortar2 increases the compressive strength but it is very low as compared to GPB1 Mortar1.

EVALUATING ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN ATOMIC DIFFUSION ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING VERSUS SAND CASTING

Mark Armstrong — 2023-06-30

Human activities have caused significant disturbances to the natural environment, leading to a rise in temperatures that exceed pre-industrial levels in recent times. This has been primarily attributed to the recent rise in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In order to address the increasing temperatures, it is crucial to investigate energy-efficient manufacturing methods. While traditional manufacturing (TM) methods such as sand casting have the ability to produce a wide variety of products, they are known to be energy intensive. In contrast, metal additive manufacturing (MAM), including material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEAM), is considered to be more energy-efficient as it enables the production of intricate, lightweight, and near-net-shaped products, while also streamlining the manufacturing process. Despite these advantages, there is limited scientific evidence supporting the claims of energy efficiency, especially for MEAM methods, such as the atomic diffusion additive manufacturing (ADAM) process. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of conducting a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) for MEAM, particularly the ADAM process, in comparison to sand casting. Theoretical results imply that MEAM-ADAM requires an additional 71.04 kWh/kg and 16.57 CO2 equivalent (CO2-eq) of energy to manufacture one kilogram of precipitation-hardened stainless steel (17-4 PH SS) when compared to sand casting. Therefore, the findings of this preliminary study indicate the need for future research to develop a comprehensive LCA model for MEAM, which should include a comparison of the process with other metalworking processes such as turning, milling, and investment casting.

BREAST CANCER CLASSIFICATION ON ENHANCED SEGMENTED MAMMOGRAMS USING OPTIMIZED CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS

P.Shanmugavadivu — 2023-06-30

Breast cancer ranks as the second most common malignancy among women and the second-most common reason for cancer deaths worldwide. Digital Mammogram screening can offer low-cost early diagnosis and reduce the breast cancer fatality rate among victims. This research aims to build a model that automatically assists in classifying malignant and benign lesions depicted on digital mammograms without any human interventions. The Mammographic Image Analysis Society (mini-MIAS) image dataset, which contains 322 mammograms, is employed in the present study. This research focuses on the Background Preserved and Feature-Oriented Contrast Improvement (BPFO-CI) method for contrast enhancement that uses the Weighted Cumulative Distribution Function. The Region of Interest (RoI) is then extracted from the improved mammograms using the Thresholding Segmentation method. Then extracted RoIs are used as input for classification using optimal Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Data augmentation is applied to the pre-processed dataset. The suggested pre-processed CNN model's performance is compared to various classification algorithms in pertaining to accuracy and confusion matrix. The simulation results confirm the importance and effectiveness of the suggested model in comparison to other well-known conventional approaches. As a result, this classification method is predicted to aid in the diagnosis of breast cancer.

SIMULATION OF STRESS ANALYSIS FOR MULTIPLE TRUSS STRUCTURES FOR DUAL SEATED ROLL CAGE CHASSIS

Najmi Haziq Badrulhisam — 2023-06-30

In recent years, automotive chassis has developed tremendously. This includes the roll cage chassis type which has a higher centre of gravity. This will require an optimum number of truss members to ensure the rigidity and safety of the chassis and user. This research paper aims to analyse the roll cage chassis frame using static analysis simulation by removing truss members at the bottom of the chassis for each design. Carbon steel was employed for all chassis designs. Then, static analysis simulation was done using Autodesk Inventor 2023. From the static analysis, a load equal to 6300 N was applied to the chassis. The safety factor, von Misses stress, 1st principal stress, and 3rd principal stress were analysed and compared for each of the designs. The result shows that the lowest safety factor starting from Design 1, Design 2 and Design 3 with the values of 2.13, 1.85, and 3.24, respectively. For the 1^st principal stress, the values are 97.39 MPa, 329.5 MPa, and 104 MPa for Design 1, Design 2, and Design 3, respectively. This result is good as the ultimate strength of carbon steel is 695 MPa. While for the 3^rd principal stress, the values are 20.2 MPa, 96.4 MPa to 37.6 MPa for Design 1, Design 2, and Design 3, respectively. In conclusion, removing a few truss members will affect the static analysis performance. It is determined that Design 2 has an optimum truss members number compared to the other two designs.