Keywords
Penetration Coefficient
AVR
Voltage Profiles
Abstract
One of the main concerns in distributed generation is the existing weak electrical grid infrastructure, especially in old and undeveloped areas. In this paper, a 5 MW photovoltaic power plant with high penetration coefficient which is connected to a long 95 km feeder is simulated and experimentally studied in order to investigate the effect of using automatic voltage regulator (AVRs) on grid voltage fluctuations. Results show that voltage fluctuation about ±15% is experienced when the plant is connected to the feeder in full capacity in the presence of AVR, in a cloudy day, when sharp changes in production can be observed. As an alternative solution, the plant grid connection is halved into the existing host feeder and another adjacent feeder of the same length and load distribution. In this case, very high penetration coefficient of the plant implies only a slight change in voltage fluctuation, i.e. 0-5%, in point of common coopling (PCC) point, in spite of decreasing the penetration coefficient to half. Therefore, it is found that AVR cannot appropriately overcome the voltage fluctuation problem, due to its inherent working characteristics which is not instantaneously adaptable with generated power changes.
References
Abdelaziz, S., Khadija, B.K., Chokri, B. and Mohamed, E. (2011). Voltage regulation and dynamic performance of the Tunisian power system with wind power penetration. Trends in Applied Sciences Research, 6 (8), pp. 813-831.
Al Talaq, M. and Belhaj, C.A. (2020). Optimal PV penetration for power losses subject to transient stability and harmonics. Procedia Computer Science, 175, pp. 508-516.
Alam, M.S., Al-Ismail, F.S., Abido, M.A. and Salem, A. (2020). High-level penetration of renewable energy with grid: Challenges and ppportunities. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.04638.
Alquthami, T., Kumar, R.S. and Al Shaikh, A. (2020). Mitigation of voltage rise due to high solar PV penetration in Saudi distribution network. Electrical Engineering, pp. 881–890.
Alshahrani, A., Omer, S., Su, Y., Mohamed, E. and Alotaibi, S. (2019). The technical challenges facing the integration of small-scale and large-scale PV systems into the grid: A critical review. Electronics, 8 (12), pp. 1443-1471.
Al-Shetwi, A.Q., Hannan, M.A., Jern, K.P., Alkahtani, A.A. and PG Abas, A.E. (2020). Power quality assessment of grid-connected PV system in compliance with the recent integration requirements. Electronics, 9 (2), pp. 366-388.
Al?Sumaiti, A.S., Ahmed, M.H., Rivera, S., El Moursi, M.S., Salama, M.M. and Alsumaiti, T. (2019). Stochastic PV model for power system planning applications. IET Renewable Power Generation, 13 (16), pp. 3168-3179.
Barker, P.P. and De Mello, R.W. (2000). Determining the impact of distributed generation on power systems. I. Radial distribution systems. In 2000 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting (Cat. No. 00CH37134), IEEE, 3, pp. 1645-1656.
Barus, D.H. and Dalimi, R. (2019). The requirement of Indonesian grid code adaptation toward variable renewable energy penetration (case study: solar power plant in Kupang sub system). In 2019 2nd International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Power Systems (ICHVEPS), IEEE, pp. 328-332.
Biswas, P.P., Suganthan, P.N. and Amaratunga, G.A. (2017). Optimal power flow solutions incorporating stochastic wind and solar power. Energy conversion and management, 148, pp. 1194-1207.
Feilat, E.A., Azzam, S. and Al-Salaymeh, A. (2018). Impact of large PV and wind power plants on voltage and frequency stability of Jordan’s national grid. Sustainable cities and society, 36, pp. 257-271.
Fernández-Guillamón, A., Gómez-Lázaro, E., Muljadi, E. and Molina-García, Á. (2019). Power systems with high renewable energy sources: A review of inertia and frequency control strategies over time. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 115, p. 109369.
Geng, Y., Yang, K., Lai, Z., Zheng, P., Liu, H. and Deng, R. (2019). A novel low voltage ride through control method for current source grid-connected photovoltaic inverters. IEEE Access, 7, pp. 51735-51748.
Hamdeen, I., Saeed, M.A. and Badran, E.A. (2018). Voltage dip's mitigation during PV-Grid-connection using STATCOM. In 2018 Twentieth International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON), IEEE, pp. 760-766.
Hlalele, T.G., Naidoo, R.M., Zhang, J. and Bansal, R.C. (2020). Dynamic economic dispatch with maximal renewable penetration under renewable obligation. IEEE Access, 8, pp. 38794-38808.
Hoke, A., Butler, R., Hambrick, J. and Kroposki, B. (2012). Maximum photovoltaic penetration levels on typical distribution feeders (No. NREL/JA-5500-55094). National Renewable Energy Lab.(NREL), Golden, CO (United States).
Hossain, E., Tür, M.R., Padmanaban, S., Ay, S. and Khan, I. (2018). Analysis and mitigation of power quality issues in distributed generation systems using custom power devices. IEEE Access, 6, pp. 16816-16833.
Inzunza, R., Tawada, Y., Furukawa, M., Shibata, N., Sumiya, T., Tanaka, T. and Kinoshita, M. (2015). Behavior of a photovoltaic inverter under sudden increase in irradiance due to reflection in clouds. In 2015 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), IEEE, pp. 851-855.
Javaid, F. and Islam, Z. (2020). Proposed location and proposal for canal top solar PV plant. In 2020 7th International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE), IEEE, pp. 1-3.
Kenneth, A.P. and Folly, K. (2014). Voltage rise issue with high penetration of grid connected PV. IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 47 (3), pp. 4959-4966.
Khalid, S. and Dwivedi, B. (2011). Power quality issues, problems, standards & their effects in industry with corrective means. International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, 1 (2), pp. 1-11.
Kopicka, M., Ptacek, M. and Toman, P. (2014). Analysis of the power quality and the impact of photovoltaic power plant operation on low-voltage distribution network. In 2014 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability Conference (PQ), IEEE, pp. 99-102.
Lotfi, H, Borhan elmi, M. and Zarif, M. (2015). Reliability assessment for power grid by adding wind farm. Second International Congress on Technology, Communication and Knowledge (ICTCK 2015).
Mather, B. and Neal, R. (2012). Integrating high penetrations of PV into Southern California: Year 2 project update. In 2012 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, IEEE, pp. 000737-000741.
Mather, B., Kroposki, B., Neal, R., Katiraei, F., Yazdani, A., Aguero, J.R., Hoff, T.E., Norris, B.L., Parkins, A., Seguin, R. and Schauder, C. (2011). Southern California Edison High Penetration Photovoltaic Project-Year 1 (No. NREL/TP-5500-50875). National Renewable Energy Lab.(NREL), Golden, CO (United States).
Movahedi, A., Niasar, A.H. and Gharehpetian, G.B. (2019). LVRT improvement and transient stability enhancement of power systems based on renewable energy resources using the coordination of SSSC and PSSs controllers. IET Renewable Power Generation, 13 (11), pp. 1849-1860.
Nguyen, D.T., Nguyen, H.T. and Le, L.B. (2014). Coordinated dispatch of renewable energy sources and HVAC load using stochastic programming. In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm), IEEE, pp. 139-144.
Nusair, K., Alhmoud, L. (2020). Optimal operation of conventional power generation with high penetration of renewable energy using equilibrium optimizer technique. Preprints 2020, 2020090373 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202009.0373.v1).
Radwan, A.A., Zaki Diab, A.A., Elsayed, A.H.M., Haes Alhelou, H. and Siano, P. (2020). Active distribution network modeling for enhancing sustainable power system performance; a case study in Egypt. Sustainability, 12 (21), pp. 8991-9013.
Remon, D., Cantarellas, A.M., Mauricio, J.M. and Rodriguez, P. (2017). Power system stability analysis under increasing penetration of photovoltaic power plants with synchronous power controllers. IET Renewable Power Generation, 11 (6), pp. 733-741.
Saidi, A.S. (2020). Impact of large photovoltaic power penetration on the voltage regulation and dynamic performance of the Tunisian power system. Energy Exploration & Exploitation, 38 (5), pp. 1774-1809.
Schinke, A. and Erlich, I. (2018). Enhanced voltage and frequency stability for power systems with high penetration of distributed photovoltaic generation. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 51 (28), pp. 31-36.
Seguin, R., Woyak, J., Costyk, D., Hambrick, J. and Mather, B. (2016). High-penetration PV integration handbook for distribution engineers (No. NREL/TP-5D00-63114). National Renewable Energy Lab.(NREL), Golden, CO (United States).
Vermeulen, V., Strauss, J.A. and Vermeulen, H.J. (2016). Optimisation of solar PV plant locations for grid support using genetic algorithm and pattern search. In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), IEEE, pp. 72-77.
Wagner, V.E. (2008). Reliability and cost comparison of power distribution configurations. In 2008 IEEE/IAS Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference, IEEE, pp. 1-8.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2021 Array